Boats are more than just a means of transportation in Vietnam—they are a symbol of culture, history, and deep spiritual beliefs. One of the most fascinating and enduring traditions of Vietnamese boats is the practice of painting eyes on their bows. These “watchful eyes” are not merely decorative; they hold profound significance, rooted in centuries-old customs and beliefs.

More Than Just Decoration

During the feudal era, the Vietnamese court implemented a system to identify boats based on their province by assigning different colors for their bows. However, beyond this practical application, the painting of boat eyes became an essential part of the culture, particularly for fishermen. It was believed that a boat without eyes was lifeless and unable to navigate safely. By painting eyes, the boat was given a “soul”—an ability to see dangers ahead and guide its owner to safety.
One of the most distinctive and revered boat eye designs comes from Quang Nam province. Here, the eyes are painted with a narrow shape, elongated tails, black pupils, and a white eyeball, all set against a blue background. This design is considered the most elegant and refined among all regions in Vietnam, exuding a sharp and noble appearance.

The Sacred Rituals of Boat Eyes

The process of painting eyes on a boat is not done randomly; it follows a strict ceremonial tradition. Before the eyes are painted, the boat owner must carefully select an auspicious day and time, inviting a skilled artisan to complete the task. Once the eyes are painted, they are immediately covered with a red cloth in a ritual known as “Phong Nhãn” (Sealing the Eyes). This act symbolizes keeping the boat’s vision hidden until the right moment.
It is only during the boat’s launching ceremony, amidst the rhythmic beats of drums, cheers from the crowd, and the crackling of firecrackers, that the red cloth is removed in the “Khai Nhãn” (Opening the Eyes) ceremony. This signifies that the boat has been given sight, now ready to embark on its journeys with protection and guidance.

A Deep-Rooted Faith in Protection and Prosperity

For generations, Vietnamese fishermen have placed their trust in the power of boat eyes. They believe that these watchful eyes protect them from evil spirits, sea monsters, and unseen dangers lurking in the depths. More than just protection, these eyes are thought to help fishermen find the most abundant fishing grounds, ensuring a bountiful catch.
Before every new fishing season or after a long break, particularly following the Lunar New Year, fishermen repaint the boat eyes and perform a blessing ceremony. This ritual is meant to seek good fortune, safe voyages, and a prosperous year ahead.

Preserving a Timeless Tradition

Despite modernization, the tradition of painting boat eyes remains deeply ingrained in Vietnamese maritime culture. As you travel through Vietnam’s coastal regions, rivers, and harbors, you’ll still see boats adorned with these iconic eyes, silently watching over the waters. They serve as a powerful reminder of the country’s rich heritage, the resilience of its people, and their unwavering connection to the sea.
Whether viewed as an art form, a superstition, or a sacred ritual, the watchful eyes on Vietnamese boats continue to be an enduring symbol of protection, hope, and the enduring spirit of the fishermen who rely on them.
Looking to experience Vietnamese culture up close? Join us on a kayaking adventure in Hội An and explore the rich traditions of Vietnam’s waterways firsthand!